Essay On Angelica Archangelica

Angelica archangelica is a native of Syria. This plant belongs to the family Apiaceae (Asokkumar & Ramachandran, 2020). It is not only found in Syria but it is also found in different parts of Europe and Western Asia (Bader et al., 2022). It is a herbal plant that comprises pinnately compound leaves and it bears greenish-white flowers. Roots of this plant include essential oil and beta-phellandrene. Botanical and medicinal descriptions of this plant include different properties. A. archangelica has been observed to have biological properties, it is used as medicine, as traditional drug (Bhattacharya et al., 2021). This plant grows up to three meters (Aćimović et al., 2022). There are several benefits of this plant, it has promote digestion, prevent cancer, and avoid allergies. It also has antimicrobial effects that have the ability to kill disease-causing bacteria. Angelica archangelica is commonly known as Garden Angelica, its leaves appear as wild carrot leaves (Korpinen et al., 2021). The roots of this plants are fleshy and purple in colour and is used to make medicine for several diseases such as intestinal gas and loss of apetite (Asokkumar & Ramachandran, 2020).

 

Angelica archangelica  has antiinflamatory actvity and it stimulates immune functions. This has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and it is also used to quit smoking (Bhattacharya et al., 2021). This plant also supports minimizing pulmonary hypertension along with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Asokkumar & Ramachandran, 2020). It also stimulates healthy circulation, it is used as a respiratory tonic that supports building healthy inflammatory responses (Nasreen, 2021). The digestive system, it is known for bitter stimulants that help in healthy digestive secretions. This plant has been observed to enhance urine production and it also improves sex drive (Wang et al., 2020).

 

Seeds of  Angelica archangelica  include active component that is beta phellandrene, another component also includes alpha pinene. The presence of beta phellandrene provides peppery mint and has a citrus aroma. The musky aroma in this plant is because of the active component (Aćimović et al., 2022). The phellandrenes usually provide pleasing aromas and beta-phellandrene is majorly used in the flavouring industry. It is also used as an insecticide. Mechanism action of phellandrene; it assists in reducing the growth of mycelium (act as antifungal agent), low concentration of this compound shows antifungal activity against cylopium. Mechanism of action usually leads to the formation of calcium-channel antagonism in case of cardiovascular effects (Dubovsky & Marshall 2022). 

 

Herbal actions include various medical uses, it acts as an antimicrobial agent, antiseptic, and antiemetic, and expectorant features (Asokkumar & Ramachandran, 2020). It supports the immune system in fighting different pathogens. Herbal actions help in treatment of cytotoxicity of breast cancer. This functions as protective against in vivo tumor (Gao et al., 2020). This is useful as a cholagogue that supports bloating and helps in removing indigestion. It also works on the nervous system to improve declining memory, and it provides relief from stress and anxiety(Lee et al., 2019). Nocturia has been treated from this species of plant. The secondary action of herbal medicine includes the interaction with different human proteins such as Beta-secretase 1, chromobox protein homolog 1, retinal dehydrogenase 1, and DNA polymerase beta (Asokkumar & Ramachandran, 2020). Various diseases are linked with metabolites such as Kidney Diseases, Adenocarcinoma of lung, and Psoriasis (Aćimović et al., 2022).

 

The therapeutic indication refers to the primary use of medicine, the medicine is used in various sectors such as they are used in heartburn, respiratory catarrh, plague and insomnia. The medicine is also used by females to initiate menstrual periods, it is also used for urine production. The specific type of combination of angelica products is made that supports in improving symptoms of stomach pain, nausea and vomiting(Thumann et al., 2020). This species of plant have been found with high amount of Coumarin, specially furanocoumarins (Opara & Chohan, 2021). Angelica is used treating epilepsy as well anxiety (Korpinen et al., 2021). Clinical trials help therapeutic applications. It has great antioxidant activity. It has potency in treating dementia and cancer. Blood pressure can also be reduced by the use of dong quai, it supports in improving blood flow. It acts as a blood thinner (Orieke et al., 2020). Angelica is mainly used as alternative medicine in order to treat heartburn to sleeping issues. It has antifungal properties, therefore it is used as an antifungal agent for killing fungus. It is also used as a uterine tonic which help in stimulating and relaxing activity on uterine tissue. It produces several effects such as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and analgesic (Orieke et al., 2020). It also improves uterine circulation. This considered a heating herb as it helps in the treatment of night sweats, and insomnia.

 

For common cold, the dosage of Angelica archangelica  it includes five drops for single maximum dose, it is consumed before or after meal. It is taken orally and dosage form is diluted. The frequency of intake of the dose is three time daily, the course of duration is directed by doctors (Opara & Chohan, 2021).

 

Roots of A. sinensis have been observed to show several side effects that can cause drug interaction. High doses have resulted into heart problems (Orieke et al., 2020). Hormone-sensitive people should not take dong quai as this might work like estrogen and its interaction inside the body might become worse by estrogen (Opara & Chohan, 2021).

 

Side effects of Angelica root may cause because of drug interaction, higher doses can lead to high blood pressure. It contains furanocoumarins that can interact with several drugs. It can also affect blood clots and can enhance the risk of bleeding. Overdosage has shown harmful results. Skin allergies have also been observed. Lack of safety data on this herbal medicine, lactating mothers and pregnant females should avoid this medicine. It is only safe when taken in proper doses (Kaur & Bhatti, 2021). Toxicity has not been reported, however, it has been used in the production of gin and can be used for garnishing purposes. The root of this species is toxics when consumed fresh, there it is said, roots should be dried completely prior to use. Overdosage of this species can be toxic. The toxic components of this plant are furocoumarins and chromones (Orieke et al., 2020). The phototoxic components of this species are 5 methoxy-psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, isopentaniloxipsoralene. It is also has neurotoxic properties because of the presence of essential oil, therefore heavy doses should not be used. Methyl derivatives of this plant have carcinogenic properties. Human toxicity is also associated with this species such as skin reaction, immunotoxicity has also been liked with the plant. Immunotoxicity can be treated with the help of PUVA treatment (Aćimović et al., 2022). Linear furanocoumarins such as 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) are phototoxic - their toxicity increases in the sight of UV A and they are associated to generate skin infections, these usually create itching, pigmentation and erythema (Opara & Chohan, 2021). Long-term PUVA2 therapy with 8-MOP can yield unwavering pigmentation and other skin transformations (Opara & Chohan, 2021).

 

Pregnant females should not take medication orally. It is observed that herbal medicine has led to uterine contraction and results into threaten pregnancy (Aćimović et al., 2022) . The high amount of dose should not be taken as it has been observed to cause cancer and heavy menstrual bleeding in females. Risk of overdosage leads to increased blood clotting (Aćimović et al., 2022).

 

Aćimović, M., Rat, M., Pezo, L., Lončar, B., Pezo, M., Miljković, A., & Lazarević, J., (2022). Biological and Chemical Diversity of Angelica archangelica L.—Case Study of Essential Oil and Its Biological Activity. Agronomy, 12(7), 1570. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/7/1570

 

 

Asokkumar, K., & Ramachandran, S., (2020). Herb-Drug Interactions: Focus on Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance of Herbal Medicines. In Herbal Medicine in India (pp. 547-571). Springer, Singapore. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-7248-3_33

 

 

Bader, G. N., Rashid, R., Ali, T., Hajam, T. A., Kareem, O., & Jan, I., (2022). Medicinal Plants and their Contribution in Socio-Economic Upliftment of the Household in Gurez Valley (J&K). In Edible Plants in Health and Diseases (pp. 107-136). Springer, Singapore. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-16-4880-9_5

 

 

Bhattacharya, T., Dey, P. S., Akter, R., Kabir, M. T., Rahman, M. H., & Rauf, A., (2021). Effect of natural leaf extracts as phytomedicine in curing geriatrics. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111352. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556521001273

 

 

Dubovsky, S. L., & Marshall, D., (2022). Calcium Channel Antagonists for Mood Disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 42(2), 188-197. https://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/Fulltext/2022/03000/Calcium_Channel_Antagonists_for_Mood_Disorders.11.aspx

 

 

Gao, Y., Sun, W., Cha, X., & Wang, H., (2020). ‘Psoriasis 1’reduces Tlymphocytemediated inflammation in patients with psoriasis by inhibiting vitamin D receptormediated STAT4 inactivation. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 46(4), 1538-1550. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4695

 

 

Kaur, A., & Bhatti, R., (2021). Understanding the phytochemistry and molecular insights to the pharmacology of Angelica archangelica L.(garden angelica) and its bioactive components. Phytotherapy Research, 35(11), 5961-5979. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ptr.7206

 

 

Korpinen, R. I., Välimaa, A. L., Liimatainen, J., & Kunnas, S., (2021). Essential Oils and Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Arctic Angelica (Angelica archangelica L.), Marsh Labrador Tea (Rhododendron tomentosum) and Common Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)—Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities. Molecules, 26(23), 7121. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/23/7121

 

 

Lee, J., Jeong, J. S., Cho, K. J., Moon, K. N., Kim, S. Y., Han, B., & Yu, W. J., (2019). Developmental and reproductive toxicity assessment in rats with KGC-HJ3, Korean Red Ginseng with Angelica gigas and Deer antlers. Journal of Ginseng Research, 43(2), 242-251. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845317302439

 

 

Nasreen, S. Z. A., (2021). Management of Menopause. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sW9mEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Angelica+sinesis+has+antioxidants+and+it+stimulates+immune+functions.+This+has+been+used+in+the+treatment+of+amenorrhea+and+it+is+also+used+to+treat+menopausal+hot+flushes.+This+plant+also+supports+minimizing+pulmonary+hypertension+along+with+the+chronic+o&ots=tenpwjxBzb&sig=YQ0P17vwdqjmLFnCOBNzijusBl0

 

 

Opara, E. I., & Chohan, M., (2021). Culinary Herbs and Spices: A Global Guide. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dVk7EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=For+menopausal+symptoms,+it+is+recommended+that+4.5+grams+of+powder+of+medicine+is+taken+through+the+mouth+or+women+can+take+it+three+times+in+a+day,+its+dosage+is+about+520+to+1560+m&ots=sWnehmeBXz&sig=aRW4VUesyylxKqt5M_sP28-pjtw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

 

Orieke, D., Ohaeri, O. C., Ijeh, I. I., & Ijioma, S. N., (2020). Gastrointestinal and uterine smooth muscles relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of corchorus olitorius leaf extract in laboratory animal models. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 247, 112224. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874119315132

 

 

Thumann, T. A., Pferschy-Wenzig, E. M., Aziz-Kalbhenn, H., Ammar, R. M., Rabini, S., Moissl-Eichinger, C., & Bauer, R.,(2020). Application of an in vitro digestion model to study the metabolic profile changes of an herbal extract combination by UHPLC–HRMS. Phytomedicine, 71, 153221. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711320300532

 

 

Wang, Q., Liszt, K. I., & Depoortere, I., (2020). Extra-oral bitter taste receptors: New targets against obesity?. Peptides, 127, 170284. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196978120300334