Essay On Approaches To Counseling

The global space has become closer due to the impact of globalization and widespread impact of technical gadgets. This aspect has also resulted in the familial concepts diversifying. As it brings forward a different side of attributes in a family in terms of  culture and traditions, it has been known to bring about an equal amount of challenges. In terms of counseling too, it brings several ethical considerations for the counselor to be mindful of. Unless, the same is undertaken with extreme caution, it can prove to be problematic for both the professional as well as the clients. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to critically analyse two such approaches that can be implemented while counseling families with diverse backgrounds while discussing the ethical implications of the same. 

 

The interactions we had with the individuals who were primarily responsible for our care as children shape who we are as adults state Esposito et al. (2017). Attachment-based psychotherapy is a kind of talk therapy that focuses on helping patients increase their capacity to make healthy relationships and adapt to their surroundings (Marmarosh, 2015). In addition to this, it works to repair the damage done by a person's unhealthy attachment patterns in their formative years. In order to accomplish this goal, it is necessary for the therapist to first establish a reliable therapeutic connection with the client. The patient is then assisted by the therapist in confronting and acting upon the thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and acts that they had repressed as a result of the attachment figures in their lives when they were a kid. As a consequence of this, the client is better able to articulate himself or herself in an honest and comprehensive manner, as well as discover more malleable sentiments, attitudes, and behaviors in their own life.

 

Attachment-based therapy focuses on the thoughts, feelings, messages, behaviors, and  interpersonal interactions that an individual has learned to amplify and emphasize or hide and avoid due to their early attachment experiences (Purnell, 2018). These thoughts, feelings, messages, behaviors, and interactions all stem from the individual's early attachment experiences. There are two different attachment-based therapy modalities to choose from. The first advantage is that the therapist and the patient get more comfortable with one another and establish greater trust in one another (Diamond et al., 2021). Studies conducted on psychotherapy have shown that the strength of the therapeutic connection is the single most essential component in determining whether or not the treatment is successful. Because it is founded on research conducted with parents whose parenting style includes certain behaviors, attachment theory offers a fresh perspective on the factors that contribute to the formation of a bond that makes a child feel more at ease. Establishing a relationship with the patient that is one that can be trusted, is honest, and is focussed on the patient's problems and challenges is an essential part of treatment (Tsiveili et al., 2022). The patient is helped by this treatment since it encourages their ongoing growth and change, which is a significant benefit.

 

Attachment-focused psychotherapy is made up of components that are reliant on one another. The primary objective is to activate and enhance the patient's adaptability by addressing sensations and signals that the patient learned to disregard or overemphasize during early attachment exchanges. This will be accomplished by addressing the sensations and signals that the patient has learned to disregard or overemphasize (Wajda & Makara-Studzińska, 2018). Attachment-based treatment is broken down into two stages: establishing a strong foundational connection and recovering abilities that were previously held. If their patients are aware of the things that they cannot think, feel, experience, say, or express safely, therapists may be able to aid those patients in changing their capacities. The patient receives new interpersonal skills as well as fresh views on both their job and their play via the attachment-based psychotherapy. Their original, restricted vision of themselves and others begins to shift as they gain new information. It changes with time and becomes more responsive, which paves the way for more personal relationships and exchanges that are mutually beneficial with the wider world (Borelli et al., 2020).

 

Attachment theory, as it has been developed and applied to adult relationships, is a transactional, systemic theory that provides a much-needed, comprehensive explanation of family love and connection to the burgeoning field of many types of family therapy (Levy et al., 2021). It discusses fundamental issues that must be taken into account by the therapist, such as how to concentrate and which components of the intricate drama of relational pain brought on by change should be focused on in order to bring about transformation. It directs the therapist to the underlying cause of the problem while also providing a paradigm of healthy and unhealthy relationships that is validated by scientific research. It educates the therapist on the key occurrences and processes that define the structure of a close connection, as well as the issues that arise as a result of the diversity that exists within a family.

 

All of this is necessary due to the fact that family therapy is now running into a problem. The purpose of this therapy is to identify solutions that are both practical and efficient, with the potential to assist families in developing positive, enduring connections and to relieve significant symptoms in individuals via the modification of their immediate settings (Tsvieli & Diamond, 2018). According to Hanna (2018), primary connections have a considerable amount of healing power, and for change to be reinforced in a person's home environment, it is necessary for the change to be long-lasting. This theory covers a broad variety of subjects, but it is also concentrated enough to address the problem that the vast majority of clinicians believe should be addressed first: identifying and studying the client's and therapist's actions that lead to large advances. It is an essential component of developing family therapy as a profession, and the therapeutic properties it has ensure that participating in family therapy is an enjoyable experience in terms of employing the attachment based technique.

 

"Dialogic Practice" originated from "Open Dialogue," a way for helping people and their families feel heard, respected, and accepted. In 1984, family therapy-trained individuals revolutionized the treatment of inpatient admissions at the Keropudas Hospital in Tornio, Finland (Sidis et al., 2020). In response to the research of Yrjo Alanen (1997), they modified their approach to acute crises by holding a network meeting with the person in distress, their family, and any natural supports before deciding on hospitalization. This was the beginning of a brand-new, open method that eventually developed into the term "Open Dialogue" In 1995, along with continuous clinical innovation, organizational change, and research, it was initially given this name (Freeman et al., 2019).

 

In the context of Open Dialogue, "openness" refers to the planning and decision-making processes that take place in front of everyone (Galbusera & Kyselo, 2018). This does not imply that therapists force families to address subjects they feel should be discussed publicly. This network's architecture was designed from the start to be adaptable to any kind of treatment. Consequently, Open Dialogue practice is separated into two parts: Dialogic Practice is part of a larger psychiatric service that leverages its resources by bringing together a network of professionals and making the therapy session the primary therapeutic environment of Open Dialogue. This is due to the significance of possessing both parts. As part of an ever-changing and flexible "treatment web," many types of therapy may be added to the Open Dialogue approach and suited to the needs of the person and their family (Waters et al., 2021)

 

In Open Dialogue, transparency is a core value state Mulvogue et al. (2019). Regarding the person who is having issues, no decisions are made outside of the network meetings, which are open forums in which medical professionals may discuss their observations. Members of the medical profession are included in the ensemble. They are "doing with, rather than to," in other words. They understand that in order to have a genuine connection with one another, it is necessary for them to share their ideas and feelings in an open and transparent manner. The goal is to deconstruct a barrier between the patients and their doctors in order to prevent the patients from being considered as mere objects by the medical staff (Mulvogue et al., 2019).

 

Open Discourse is a forum that encourages people to have conversations with one another rather than actively campaigning for change amongst others. The participants of the network should be able to address the problem via discourse while drawing upon their own psychological resources in order to accomplish the goal. In order for the discussion to have any weight, the participation of medical professionals is required. When they come together, they do not yet have a plan for the topics they will talk. The approach that the family takes to dealing with their challenges provides a wonderful place of departure. The treatment team actively pays attention to what is being said and works to maintain a healthy flow of communication. It removes the need for speculation and assumptions, both of which have the potential to stifle creative thought, and restores the discussion to the realm of reason and care.

 

No matter what happens, every single voice gets picked up, and every single word is comprehended and this is an integral feature in terms of counseling a diverse family. The conversation shouldn't be one-sided; rather, one should listen to a variety of perspectives states Jones-Smith (2018) as scholars such as McGoldrick & Hardy  (2019) have stated that in a diverse family, many feel that their perspectives and side of aspects remain unheard and at times judged. People participating in a this technique of counseling could have the impression that others understand what they are saying, which gives them the self-assurance and security they need to think about what it is they want to express. The network is able to discern what the symptoms signify since they have standardized their terminology. The process itself is much more significant than the final product in this case.

 

In open discourse, each circumstance is recognized as being one of a kind. People are warned against making snap decisions or judgments based on predetermined criteria, and it is generally accepted that understanding grows gradually and naturally over time. Even if there is a great amount of worry, it is possible that the first two or three sessions will not result in any choices that are particularly noteworthy. People attempt to establish dialogue and address the risk, sorrow, and uncertainty in their lives. This is not to indicate that pharmaceuticals or hospitalization are never utilized; nevertheless, it is implied that they are.

 

At first, there can be a lot of meetings done to make sure everyone feels comfortable and secure. Over time, the network will accumulate its own resources and figure out how to communicate its experiences to others. As time goes on, the crisis might turn into an opportunity for good: a possibility to tell tales, to assume new identities, and to repair the connections that bind a person to the environment in which he lives. When the one doing the talking feels moved, healing may take place in an open conversation. As demonstrated by Bakhtin's "once happening involvement in being," a therapist will recognize "moments of aliveness" in a participant when that participant is affected by something new and potentially life-altering if that therapist remains in the present and is receptive to genuine human warmth state Cubellis (2022).

 

In summation, this report analyses as to how two approaches to contemporary counseling can be used in diverse family therapy situations. The appropriateness of the same in terms of ethics have been weighed in both the approaches and how both these approaches are well suited in the provided scenario have been discussed at length. Furthermore, how therapists strategize the use of these techniques have also been drafted to understand as to how the stated therapy techniques provide the required result in diverse family counseling.

 

Borelli, J. L., Smiley, P. A., Kerr, M. L., Hong, K., Hecht, H. K., Blackard, M. B., ... & Bond, D. K. (2020). Relational savoring: An attachment-based approach to promoting interpersonal flourishing. Psychotherapy, 57(3), 340. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-06222-001 

 

 

Cubellis, L. (2022). Competing Responsibilities and the Distribution of Outcome through Dialogic Practice. Medical Anthropology, 41(1), 81-93. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01459740.2021.2002858 

 

 

Diamond, G., Diamond, G. M., & Levy, S. (2021). Attachment-based family therapy: Theory, clinical model, outcomes, and process research. Journal of affective disorders, 294, 286-295. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032721006844 

 

 

Esposito, G., Truzzi, A., Setoh, P., Putnick, D. L., Shinohara, K., & Bornstein, M. H. (2017). Genetic predispositions and parental bonding interact to shape adults’ physiological responses to social distress. Behavioural brain research, 325, 156-162. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432816304065 

 

 

Freeman, A. M., Tribe, R. H., Stott, J. C., & Pilling, S. (2019). Open dialogue: a review of the evidence. Psychiatric Services, 70(1), 46-59. https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ps.201800236 

 

 

Galbusera, L., & Kyselo, M. (2018). The difference that makes the difference: a conceptual analysis of the open dialogue approach. Psychosis, 10(1), 47-54. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17522439.2017.1397734 

 

 

Hanna, S. M. (2018). The practice of family therapy: Key elements across models. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781351051460/practice-family-therapy-suzanne-midori-hanna 

 

 

Jones-Smith, E. (2018). Culturally diverse counseling: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qNVrDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=diverse+family+counseling&ots=CKxMOHHoSE&sig=da9J1lafn14mi1NiC17Y8QJGGuE 

 

 

Levy, S., Mason, S., Russon, J., & Diamond, G. (2021). Attachment‐based family therapy in the age of telehealth and COVID‐19. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47(2), 440-454. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jmft.12509 

 

 

Marmarosh, C. L. (2015). Emphasizing the complexity of the relationship: The next decade of attachment-based psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy, 52(1), 12. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-09187-001 

 

 

McGoldrick, M., & Hardy, K. V. (Eds.). (2019). Re-visioning family therapy. Guilford Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=o3iFDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=diverse+family+counseling+challenges&ots=SNiS64t9kV&sig=ws7PmqDV8A_AV0Y7_Z_mgdqgXCQ 

 

 

Mulvogue, J., Ryan, C., & Cesare, P. (2019). Nurse simulation facilitator experiences learning open dialogue techniques to encourage self-reflection in debriefing. Nurse Education Today, 79, 142-146. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260691718310177 

 

 

Purnell, C. (2018). Attachment theory and attachment-based therapy. In Attachment and human survival (pp. 119-136). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429472039-9/attachment-theory-attachment-based-therapy-chris-purnell 

 

 

Sidis, A., Ramirez, J., Dawson, L., River, J., Buus, N., Singh, R., ... & Deane, F. (2020). Not ‘Just a Talking Head’: Experiences of Australian public mental health clinicians implementing a dialogical family therapy approach for young people with severe mental health concerns. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 41(1), 6-28. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anzf.1407 

 

 

Tsvieli, N., & Diamond, G. M. (2018). Therapist interventions and emotional processing in attachment-based family therapy for unresolved anger. Psychotherapy, 55(3), 289. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-43053-008 

 

 

Tsvieli, N., Lifshitz, C., & Diamond, G. M. (2022). Corrective attachment episodes in attachment-based family therapy: The power of enactment. Psychotherapy Research, 32(2), 209-222. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10503307.2021.1913295 

 

 

Wajda, Z., & Makara-Studzińska, M. (2018). Attachment in group psychotherapy: part 1 theoretical aspects. Psychoterapia, 186, 7-17. http://psychoterapiaptp.pl/uploads/PT_3_2018/ENGver7Wajda_Psychoterapia_3_2018.pdf 

 

 

Waters, E., Ong, B., Mikes‐Liu, K., McCloughen, A., Rosen, A., Mayers, S., ... & Buus, N. (2021). Open Dialogue, need‐adapted mental health care, and implementation fidelity: A discussion paper. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(3), 811-816. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/inm.12866 

 

 

3. Essay On Counselling