Essay On Mental Health And Disorders

ICD-10 consists of the classification of different types of mental disorders. A mental disorder is defined as a clinically significant disturbance in the cognitive and emotional disturbance which leads to behavioral changes.

 

The major intent of this report is to find out the  mental disorder in a person named Sarah, who is 39 years old career consultant. A brief discussion will be provided on the mental disorder which will find out in the person. Apart from this, an explanation will also be provided on possible causes of this mental disorder. The focus will also be provided on the available treatments for mental disorders. Historical and global perspectives on this mental disorder will also be discussed. 

 

As discussed in the case study, ‘Sarah’ is a 39-year-old career consultant. He is running a successful business.  She is facing mood changes and also facing sleep difficulty. She also lost interest in her life. She also lost her job due to a lack of appetite. Her performance at the work is also keeping on the decline. It is also found that ‘Sarah’ is feeling that he does not have sufficient energy to do the exercise that she was doing for last many years (Bains & Abdijadid, 2022). 

 

 

Based on analyzing the symptoms found in the behavior of ‘Sarah’, it can be easily found that she is facing a ‘Mood disorder’. A mood disorder is defined as a mental health problem that affects a person’s mental state and emotions (Bains & Abdijadid, 2022). A mood disorder may also lead towards affecting the ability of the person in dealing with routine activities (Dwivedi , 2022). The daily activities of the person at the home and the workplace may also be affected due to the mood disorder. As discussed in this case study, it is found that ‘Sarah’ was not able to perform effectively at her workplace. She not only started skipping the work not only she started to delegate most of her work to others. All the major symptoms which are associated with a mood disorder can be easily noticed in the behavior of ‘Sarah’ ( Kennedy, 2022).

 

According to ICD-10, mood disorders can be classified as ‘Major depressive disorders’, ‘bipolar disorders’, ‘anxiety disorders’ and ‘Personality disorders. After analyzing the symptoms in the behavior of ‘Sarah’, it is found that he is suffering from ‘Major depressive disorder’ (Krawczyk & Święcicki , 2020). 

 

 

It is found that many symptoms are present in the behavior of ‘Sarah’ which is similar to patients with ‘Major depressive disorder’ ( Kennedy, 2022). 

 

Major depressive disorder is a type of mood disorder caused in a person due to changes in his emotions and mental state ( Kennedy, 2022). Severe mood changes even affect the day-to-day functions of a person’s life. The person who is suffering from major depressive disorder lost his interest in the day-to-day activities of life. He also felt a lack of appetite and lack of energy. All the above symptoms are present in the behavior of ‘Sarah’ (Kennis, Gerritsen, Dalen, & Williams, 2020).

 

Facing problems in sleeping is also one of the major symptoms which are found in the behavior of ‘Sarah’. It is also found that lack of sleep and restlessness are also the major symptoms of major depressive disorder ( Kennedy, 2022). In other words, it can be said that Major depressive disorder is a serious disorder that disturbs the day-to-day functions of the person. ‘Major depressive disorders can lead to facing serious issues when it is not treated when treated (Bains & Abdijadid, 2022).

 

‘Major depressive disorder’ is a major behavioral disorder that creates difficulties in the daily life of the person (Bains & Abdijadid, 2022). Not treating major depressive disorders for a long time leads to the development of serious mental illness. It is suggested that the patient ‘Sarah’ needs to consult with healthcare professionals so that she can live a normal life ( Malgaroli, Calderon, & Bonanno, 2021).

 

Various factors are responsible for the development of symptoms of ‘Major depressive disorders’:

 

When a person faced the loss of his close one or any family member in any accidental case, he may get a shock which leads to the development of major depressive disorders. According to the cognitive theory of psychology, when the thoughts or views of the person are not matched with reality then it may create severe disturbance in the emotions of the person (Rojas & Segovia, 2020). 

 

Loss of a job, or excessive debt also increases the stress level of the person which ultimately results in the development of the major depressive disorder (Kennis, Gerritsen, Dalen, & Williams, 2020). 

 

A person has to face several stressful events in his life like complexities in personal relations, separations, abortions, failure in meeting the expectations of any person, or many other factors. This type of stressful event also results in the development of the major depressive disorder (Rojas & Segovia, 2020). 

 

Physical or sexual abuse develops disturbance in the emotional state of the person. Fluctuation in the emotional state of the person also leads to the development of the mental depressive disorder (Flory & Yehuda, 2022). 

 

When the person is lacking behind in confidence and facing low self-esteem issues then he or she may lead towards the development of symptoms of mental depressive disorder (Dwivedi , 2022). 

 

It is found that when a person is constantly criticized by others, he may develop negative emotions. Regular bullying and excessive stress results in creation of mental depressive disorder (Bains & Abdijadid, 2022). 

 

When a person is having a family history of mental illness, he may develop the symptoms of depression or any other mental disease without having any major reason ( Kennedy, 2022). 

 

When a person has to face serious illness, he has to intake prolonged medication. Constant and prolonged use of medication also leads to developing symptoms of depression (Kennis, Gerritsen, Dalen, & Williams, 2020). 

 

When a person is addicted to intaking alcohol or any harmful drugs may lead to functional in the mental state of a person. This problem also leads to the development of depression (Rojas & Segovia, 2020). 

 

Medication and therapy, are suggested for fast recovery of the patient. Antidepressant medication will be suggested for the patient. Antidepressant helps in changing the chemistry of the brain which ultimately results in feeling the person relaxed. However, antidepressant gives quick relief to the patient but constant and prolonged use of antidepressant has side effects (Papakostas & Fava, 2022). 

 

 

Counseling is also suggested for improvement in the cognitive and brain functioning of the person (Flory & Yehuda, 2022). In many cases, it is noticed that counseling helps in solving the critical factors of emotions which results in developing improvement in the functioning of the brain. It also helps in improving the habits of the person which helps accomplish their day-to-day task with more effectiveness (Papakostas & Fava, 2022). 

 

 

Changing the lifestyle of the patient also leads to improvement in the behavior of the person. Eating balanced food and doing physical exercise regularly are also suggested by healthcare professionals (Flory & Yehuda, 2022). Apart from this, focusing on having positive emotions and understanding the causes behind the development of this type of mood disorder also helps in improving the situation of the patient (Papakostas & Fava, 2022). 

 

 

‘Major depressive disorder’ was introduced by clinicians in the United States during the 1970s (Schimelpfening , 2022). Different types of symptoms are noticed in the behavior of a person which is classified as the development of ‘Major depressive disorder’ (WHO, 2022).

 

Globally, Major depressive disorder is classified as a type of mood disorder. It is also defined as a noticeable change in the behavior of a person. It is also found that 5% of adults are suffering from depression. It is also true that this type of mood disorder keeps on increasing throughout the world (WHO, 2022). 

 

Based on the above discussion, it can be easily concluded that ‘Sarah’ is facing ‘Major depressive disorder’ which is a type of mood disorder. It is found that some specific symptoms are identified in the behavior of the person which makes the life of the person complicated. It is concluded that the patient who is facing major depressive disorder suffers from a lack of appetite, loss of interest in doing activities, and ineffective control in handling day-to-day activities. It is concluded that many major causes exist for the development of ‘Major depressive disorder’. 

 

 

Medication and therapy both are suggested by healthcare professionals so that improvement can be made in the behavior of the patient.

 

Bains, N., & Abdijadid, S. (2022). Major depressive disorder. StatPearls [Internet].

 

 

Dwivedi , Y. (2022). Emerging role of microRNAs in major depressive disorder: diagnosis and therapeutic implications. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience.

 

 

Flory, J., & Yehuda, R. (2022). Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: alternative explanations and treatment considerations. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience.

 

 

Kennedy, S. (2022). Core symptoms of major depressive disorder: relevance to diagnosis and treatment. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience.

 

 

Kennis, M., Gerritsen, L., Dalen, M. v., & Williams, A. (2020). Prospective biomarkers of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 321-338.

 

 

Krawczyk, P., & Święcicki , Ł. (2020). ICD-11 vs. ICD-10-a review of updates and novelties introduced in the latest version of the WHO International Classification of Diseases. Psychiatr Pol, 7-20.

 

 

Malgaroli, M., Calderon, A., & Bonanno, G. (2021). Networks of major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 1-102000.

 

 

Papakostas, G., & Fava, M. (2022). Predictors, moderators, and mediators (correlates) of treatment    outcome in major depressive disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience.

 

 

Rojas, L. G., & Segovia, A. P. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder: a systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry , 657-672.

 

 

Schimelpfening , N. (2022, July 13). The History of Depression. Retrieved from The website of verywellmind.com : https://www.verywellmind.com/who-discovered-depression-1066770

 

 

WHO. (2022, July 13). Depression. Retrieved from The website of who.int: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression