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It is possible to assess with the help of the microscope that all the living things are composed of cells. The cells are treated as the elementary unit of life. But not all the organisms are made of the same type of cells; some are formed of a collection of cells which are identical and assistances from cooperating. In contrast, in some organisms, the cells are unidentical and vary significantly not only the outlook but also execute different functions in the organisms. In multicellular organisms, there are cells which carry out the specialized functions known as specialised cells. There are more than 200 kinds of specialised cells and specialized implies that although they are same, the cells vary in either in shape and size or in the functions they perform which is dependent on the role they play in the individual bodies.
The sets of specialised cells work together to make a tissue, known as muscle. And then these diverse tissues are clustered together which in turn produces longer functional units which are defined as organs. Every type of tissues, organ and cells have a different structure and performs a distinctive function which enables the organism to work in entirety. The cell theory suggests that each cell originates from a previously prevailing cell and several cells in a compact body are not identical at all. Because not every cell can digest the food, or fight with the disease, or carry the essential nutrients within, and coordinate the body movements. The specialised cells have those certain physical and chemical variances which enable them to carry out one task very efficiently and effectively. These cells can look very different from each other since cell specialization involves changes in the form and roles.
There are various types of specialised cells as discussed earlier that there are over 200 types. Some of the types of specialized cells are listed below –
There are various specialised cells in an organism and each performs the different function which makes them a specialised cell and all these come together to enable a body to perform tasks and work efficiently. Thus the functions performed by the five different types of specialised cells are varied and can be specified distinctively from each other and are discussed as below –
There are different type of muscle cell – cardiac, skeletal, smooth. The cardiac muscle cells join together to form a net and such cells contract metrically even outside the body and never gets tired. The skeletal muscle is linked to bones and cells of this muscle contract to let the bones move and to enable the joints to bend. The cells of the smooth muscle form thin sheets of muscle, like the stomach lining, and these can also be arranged in the form of the bundle, or in the shape of the rings.
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