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Referencing is a significant part of academic writing as it lets your readers know the sources you have used to develop the paper. However, it is the most complicated form of writing. Citing the authors and in-texts makes the referencing and citation more complex. Nonetheless, if you are pursuing your academic career in the United Kingdom, you cannot avoid the Harvard Referencing Generator. Tag along to learn the simple tricks to create in-text and references in this style.
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The Reference list in Harvard referencing style appears at the end of your paper. It alphabetically enlists all the sources by the author's surname with detailed information for your reader to look up. It also includes other information like the date of publication, the source's title, etc.Ensure that your Harvard References are arranged, keeping in mind:
Placement - Placed on a separate sheet at the end of the paper
Arrangement - Arranged as instructed by your professor – by the author or source title (excluding the articles – a, an, the)
If multiple works by the same author are cited, the reference must list the titles by date; if multiple titles are published on the same date, then it must arrange the titles alphabetically after the publication date.
Spacing: It must be double-spaced with a completely blank line between each row of texts.
Form of reference: It must contain full references for all in-text references used
How the Harvard referencing style example appears in the Reference list depends on the source type since each source prefers a specific form of information. Formats and examples for the most commonly used source types are detailed below.Read Also: How to Cite A Ted Talk?
Format
Author surname, initial. (Year) Book title. City: Publisher.
Example
Simond, Z. (2017) Swing time. London: Oxford University Press.
Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Chapter title’, in Editor name (ed(s).) Book title. City: Publisher, page range.
Gibraltar, M. (2009) ‘The traces of Shakespeare's life, in De Grazia, T. and Wells, V. (eds.) The new Cambridge companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–14.
Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pp. Page range.
Haggard, B. (1990) ‘Philosophy and machine learning’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 20(4), pp. 251–286.
Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. DOI.
Adams, E. (2019) ‘American history at the foreign office: Exporting the silent epic Western’, Film History, 51(2), pp. 39–59. doi:10.2979/filmhistory.31.2.02.
Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Article Title’, Newspaper Title (edition), day month, page number(s).
Mitchell, B.A. (2017) ‘Changes to citation formats shake the research world’, The Telegraph (Sunday edition), 6 July, pp.10-12.
Note
Use edition only where applicable
Author surname, initial. (Year) Page title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Google (2019) Google terms of service. Available at: https://policies.google.com/terms?hl=en-US (Accessed: 29 May 2022).
Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Article title’, Blog name, Date. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Leafstedt, E. (2020) ‘America’s constitutional reform and Biden's plans for a legacy of stability, OxPol, 29 January. Available at: https://blog.politics.ox.ac.uk/russias-constitutional-reform-and-putins-plans-for-a-legacy-of-stability/ (Accessed: 7 July 2021).
Author surname, initial. [username] (Year) Title or text [Website name] Date. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Dorsey, A. [@jack] (2018) We’re committing Twitter to help increase the collective health, openness, and civility of public conversation … [Twitter] 1 March. Available at: https://twitter.com/jack/status/969234275420655616 (Accessed: 4 February 2020).
Photograph surname, initial. (Year of publication) Title of photograph [online]. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year)
Millais, J.E. (1851-1852) Ophelia [online]. Available at: www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-Ophelia-n01506 (Accessed: 21 June 2014)
Title of the film (Year of distribution) Directed by director’s name [format]. Place of distribution: Distribution company
Rear Window (1954) Directed by Alfred Hitchcock [Film]. Los Angeles: Paramount Pictures.
‘Title of the episode’ (Year of Transmission) Title of the TV show, Series, episode, Name of the channel or streaming service, day, the month of transmission.
‘Fly’ (2010) Breaking Bad, Series 2, episode 10. AMC, 23 May 2010.
Artist Name (Year of Publication) title of the album[format] Place of distribution: distribution company. Available at URL (Accessed: day month year)
Beyonce (2016) Lemonade [Visual Album] New York: Parkwood Records. Available at: https://www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/ (Accessed: 17 February 2022).
In-texting quotes or paraphrases taken from another work is a must for Harvard citation style. Usually, citations are briefer than the full references and are placed in the text body, refer to a quote, or paraphrase. It consists of:
Author’s / editor’s surname
Publication year
Page number
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Author’s Surname (Publishing year, p. page number) states
Or (Author’s Surname, Publishing year, p. page number)
Lawrence (2017, p.179) states
Or (Lawrence, 2017, p.179)
p = page number; pp = page numbers
The surname of the first, second and third author (Publishing year, p. page number) states
Or (First, second and third author’s Surname, Publishing year, p. page number)
Lawrence, Smith and Coyne (2017, p.179) state
Or (Lawrence, Smith and Coyne, 2017, p.179)
The surname of the first author et al. (Publishing year, p. page number) states
Or (Surname of the first author et al., Publishing year, p. page number)
Lawrence et al. (2017, p.179) state
Or (Lawrence et al., 2017, p.179)
Name of the organisation responsible for the publication, if available, (Publishing year, p. page number) states
Or (Name of the organisation responsible for publication if available, Publishing year, p. page number)
If the organisation's name is unavailable, italicise the title.
Harvard University (2017, pp. 179-189)
Or (A Guide to Citation, 2017, pp. 179-189)
Add letters a, b. c, etc. after year
Lawrence (2017a, p.179) states
Or (Lawrence, 2017b, p.179)
(Name of the first author, year, p. page number; Name of the second author, page number, Name of the third author, page number) Mention pp. for 2nd and 3rd author only if you cite multiple pages. If citing a single page, there is no need to mention p.
(Lawrence, 2017, p. 179; Smith, 180; Coyne, pp.171-183)
Name of the author (date 1; date 2) states Or (Name of the author, date 1; date 2)
Lawrence (2010;2017) states
Or (Lawrence, 2010. 2017)
Author’s Surname (No date, p. page number) states
Or (Author’s Surname, No date, p. page number)
Lawrence (No date, p.179) states
Or (No date, 2017, p.179)
Reference Used (cited in the name of the original author, publishing year, p. page number) or (Reference Used, cited in the name of the original author, publishing year, p. page number)
Coyne 2020 (cited in Lawrence, 2017, p. 179) or (Coyne 2020, cited in Lawrence, 2017, p. 179)
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