How to Cite Using Harvard Referencing Style

A Detailed Guide To Format References And Citations In Harvard Referencing Style

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Referencing is a significant part of academic writing as it lets your readers know the sources you have used to develop the paper. However, it is the most complicated form of writing. Citing the authors and in-texts makes the referencing and citation more complex. Nonetheless, if you are pursuing your academic career in the United Kingdom, you cannot avoid the Harvard Referencing Generator. Tag along to learn the simple tricks to create in-text and references in this style.

How To Create A Reference List In Harvard Referencing Style?

The Reference list in Harvard referencing style appears at the end of your paper. It alphabetically enlists all the sources by the author's surname with detailed information for your reader to look up. It also includes other information like the date of publication, the source's title, etc.
Ensure that your Harvard References are arranged, keeping in mind:

Placement - Placed on a separate sheet at the end of the paper
Arrangement - Arranged as instructed by your professor – by the author or source title (excluding the articles – a, an, the)
If multiple works by the same author are cited, the reference must list the titles by date; if multiple titles are published on the same date, then it must arrange the titles alphabetically after the publication date.
Spacing: It must be double-spaced with a completely blank line between each row of texts.
Form of reference: It must contain full references for all in-text references used

Harvard Referencing Style Example

How the Harvard referencing style example appears in the Reference list depends on the source type since each source prefers a specific form of information. Formats and examples for the most commonly used source types are detailed below.

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Harvard Referencing For Entire Book

Format	Author surname, initial. (Year) Book title. City: Publisher.
Example	Simond, Z. (2017) Swing time. London: Oxford University Press.

Harvard Referencing For Chapter Of A Book

Format	Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Chapter title’, in Editor name (ed(s).) Book title. City: Publisher, page range.
Example	Gibraltar, M. (2009) ‘The traces of Shakespeare's life, in De Grazia, T. and Wells, V. (eds.) The new Cambridge companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–14.

Harvard Referencing For Print Journal Article

Format	Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pp. Page range.
Example	Haggard, B. (1990) ‘Philosophy and machine learning’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 20(4), pp. 251–286.

Harvard Referencing For Online Journals with DOI

Format	Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal Name, Volume(Issue), page range. DOI.
Example	Adams, E. (2019) ‘American history at the foreign office: Exporting the silent epic Western’, Film History, 51(2), pp. 39–59. doi:10.2979/filmhistory.31.2.02.

Harvard Referencing For Newspaper Article

Format	Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Article Title’, Newspaper Title (edition), day month, page number(s).
Example	Mitchell, B.A. (2017) ‘Changes to citation formats shake the research world’, The Telegraph (Sunday edition), 6 July, pp.10-12.
Note	Use edition only where applicable

Harvard Referencing For Webpages

Format	Author surname, initial. (Year) Page title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Example	Google (2019) Google terms of service. Available at: https://policies.google.com/terms?hl=en-US (Accessed: 29 May 2022).

Harvard Referencing For Online Articles or Blogs

Format	Author surname, initial. (Year) ‘Article title’, Blog name, Date. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Example	Leafstedt, E. (2020) ‘America’s constitutional reform and Biden's plans for a legacy of stability, OxPol, 29 January. Available at: https://blog.politics.ox.ac.uk/russias-constitutional-reform-and-putins-plans-for-a-legacy-of-stability/ (Accessed: 7 July 2021).

Harvard Referencing For Social Media Posts

Format	Author surname, initial. [username] (Year) Title or text [Website name] Date. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Example	Dorsey, A. [@jack] (2018) We’re committing Twitter to help increase the collective health, openness, and civility of public conversation … [Twitter] 1 March. Available at: https://twitter.com/jack/status/969234275420655616 (Accessed: 4 February 2020).

Harvard Referencing For Online Photographs

Format	Photograph surname, initial. (Year of publication) Title of photograph [online]. Available at: URL (Accessed: day month year)
Example	Millais, J.E. (1851-1852) Ophelia [online]. Available at: www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-Ophelia-n01506 (Accessed: 21 June 2014)

Harvard Referencing For Films

Format	Title of the film (Year of distribution) Directed by director’s name [format]. Place of distribution: Distribution company
Example	Rear Window (1954) Directed by Alfred Hitchcock [Film]. Los Angeles: Paramount Pictures.

Harvard Referencing for TV Programs

Format	‘Title of the episode’ (Year of Transmission) Title of the TV show, Series, episode, Name of the channel or streaming service, day, the month of transmission.
Example	‘Fly’ (2010) Breaking Bad, Series 2, episode 10. AMC, 23 May 2010.

Harvard Referencing For Music

Format	Artist Name (Year of Publication) title of the album[format] Place of distribution: distribution company. Available at URL (Accessed: day month year)
Example	Beyonce (2016) Lemonade [Visual Album] New York: Parkwood Records. Available at: https://www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/ (Accessed: 17 February 2022).

Harvard Referencing citation style: In-Texting the References

In-texting quotes or paraphrases taken from another work is a must for Harvard citation style. Usually, citations are briefer than the full references and are placed in the text body, refer to a quote, or paraphrase. It consists of:

Author’s / editor’s surname
Publication year
Page number

Read Also: APA Vs. MLA Referencing Styles

Harvard Citation Examples

Harvard Citation For One Author

Format

Author’s Surname (Publishing year, p. page number) states

Or (Author’s Surname, Publishing year, p. page number)

Example

Lawrence (2017, p.179) states

Or (Lawrence, 2017, p.179)

Note

p = page number; pp = page numbers

Harvard Referencing For Two or Three Authors

Format

The surname of the first, second and third author (Publishing year, p. page number) states

Or (First, second and third author’s Surname, Publishing year, p. page number)

Example

Lawrence, Smith and Coyne (2017, p.179) state

Or (Lawrence, Smith and Coyne, 2017, p.179)

Harvard Referencing For Four or More Authors

Format

The surname of the first author et al. (Publishing year, p. page number) states

Or (Surname of the first author et al., Publishing year, p. page number)

Example

Lawrence et al. (2017, p.179) state

Or (Lawrence et al., 2017, p.179)

Harvard Citation For No Author

Format

Name of the organisation responsible for the publication, if available, (Publishing year, p. page number) states

Or (Name of the organisation responsible for publication if available, Publishing year, p. page number)

If the organisation's name is unavailable, italicise the title.

Example

Harvard University (2017, pp. 179-189)

Or (A Guide to Citation, 2017, pp. 179-189)

Harvard Citation For Multiple Works From the Same Author in the Same Year

Format

Add letters a, b. c, etc. after year

Author’s Surname (Publishing year, p. page number) states

Or (Author’s Surname, Publishing year, p. page number)

Example

Lawrence (2017a, p.179) states

Or (Lawrence, 2017b, p.179)

Harvard Citation For Multiple Works in One Parentheses

Format	(Name of the first author, year, p. page number; Name of the second author, page number, Name of the third author, page number) Mention pp. for 2^nd and 3^rd author only if you cite multiple pages. If citing a single page, there is no need to mention p.
Example	(Lawrence, 2017, p. 179; Smith, 180; Coyne, pp.171-183)

Harvard Citation For Different Editions of the Same Work in One Parentheses

Format

Name of the author (date 1; date 2) states Or (Name of the author, date 1; date 2)

Example

Lawrence (2010;2017) states

Or (Lawrence, 2010. 2017)

Harvard Citation For A Reference With No Date

Format

Author’s Surname (No date, p. page number) states

Or (Author’s Surname, No date, p. page number)

Example

Lawrence (No date, p.179) states

Or (No date, 2017, p.179)

Harvard Citation For A Secondary Source

Format	Reference Used (cited in the name of the original author, publishing year, p. page number) or (Reference Used, cited in the name of the original author, publishing year, p. page number)
Example	Coyne 2020 (cited in Lawrence, 2017, p. 179) or (Coyne 2020, cited in Lawrence, 2017, p. 179)

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